These data comprise diatom species frequency and environmental (geographic and limnological) data from 64 lakes on subantarctic Marion Island (46deg55''S, 37deg45''E) that were collected in April-May 2011. 143 diatom species were identified from the lake waters. Environmental data consist of Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Al, Cl, SO4, NO3, NO2, NH4, P, HCO3, pH, conductivity, water temperature, and salinity measurements. Geographical data consist of Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, and geological substrate parameters. This work forms part of the thesis of van Nieuwenhuyze (2015). This work was funded by Belgian Science Policy Office project CCAMBIO (SD/BA/03) and a Research Foundation-Flanders travel bursary awarded to E. Verleyen.

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 55 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core TPC288 (-59.14 degN, -37.96 degE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 55 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core NBP9802-04 (-64.20 degN, -170.08 degE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 56 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core PC509 (-68.31 degN, -86.03 degE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 55 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core TPC287 (-60.31 degN, -36.65 degE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 56 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core U1361A (-64.41 oN, 143.89 oE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset presents the relative diatom abundances of 55 species/groups from the 132-120 ka interval in marine sediment core TPC290 (-55.55 degN, -45.02 degE). This age interval corresponds to the peak of Marine Isotope Stage 5e (130- 116 ka). Microscope slides were prepared using a method adapted from Scherer (1994) and 300+ diatom valves were counted for each depth sample to produce the relative percentage abundance of each diatom species/group. This project was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/L002531/1

This dataset contains geochemistry measurements and fossil diatom counts made on a sediment core from La Grange Cop lake, Marion Island (46deg94S, 37deg60E, 60 m above sea level). The dataset consists of diatom relative frequencies, diatom principal components analysis (PCA), and diatom-inferred conductivity, ITRAX scanning XRF elemental percentages and XRF PCA, C%, N%, and delta13C measurements, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Ages of the sediment samples were assigned based on an age depth model derived from 210Pb, 137Cs, and 14C measurements and span the last c. 700 years. This project was funded by UK Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/K004514/1 to Dominic A Hodgson and a Research Foundation-Flanders travel bursary to Elie Verleyen.

The dataset comprises of sedimentological, geochemical, biological and chronological data from a sediment core record extracted from Kiteschsee Lake sediment, Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. We undertook multi-proxy analyses (diatom, grain size, geochemical and sedimentological) on a 77 cm-long sediment record extracted from the flat-bottomed eastern basin depocentre of Kiteschsee Lake and compared data obtained with published lake records from the Fildes Peninsula. Data collected in this study were funded by: Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), the Direccion Nacional del Antartico/Instituto Antartico Argentino (DNA/IAA) in the framework of the Project PICTA, 2011 - 0102, IAA "Geomorfologia y Geologia Glaciar del Archipielago James Ross e Islas Shetland del Sur, Sector Norte de la Peninsula Antartica"; the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) research program Polar regions and Coasts in a changing Earth System (PACES II); IMCONet (FP7 IRSES, action no. 318718); the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC/BAS-CGS Grant no.81); the NERC/BAS science programmes CACHE-PEP: Natural climate variability - extending the Americas palaeoclimate transect through the Antarctic Peninsula to the pole and GRADES-QWAD: Quaternary West Antarctic Deglaciations. We thank the crews of the Argentine research station "Carlini" and the adjoined German Dallmann-Labor (AWI) Laboratory, the Uruguayan research station "Artigas", the Russian Bellingshausen Station, the Chinese Great Wall Station, Base Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva, the Brazilian Navy Almirante Maximiano, the UK Navy HMS Endurance and NERC/BAS James Clark Ross for logistical support during the 2006, 2011, 2014 and 2015 field seasons.

This dataset presents the annual and sub-annual diatom records preserved in a set of ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land over the 1992-2019 CE interval, as presented in Tetzner et al. (2022). Annual diatom abundance (annual d-abundance) data are provided as annual averages for the 1992-2019 CE interval. Annual diatom concentration (annual d-concentration) data are provided as annual averages over the 1992-2019 CE interval. Sub-annual diatom concentration (sub-annual d-concentration) data are provided for each ice core as depth profiles for the 2002-2006 CE interval. Annual d-abundance and d-concentration are timeseries. Column A represents years between 1992 and 2019 CE. Annual data are listed for each ice core site alphabetically (Jurassic (JUR), Rothschild Island (ROIC), Sherman Island (SHIC) and Sky-Blu (SKBL)). Sub-annual d-concentration data are depth profiles. Column A represents ice depth (m). The ice depth interval presented in each file represents the 2002-2006 CE interval. Diatom abundance data are presented as the number of diatoms identified in an ice core annual layer (diatoms a-1). Diatom concentration data are presented as the number of diatoms identified per unit volume of water (L) contained on each annual (or sub-annual) sample (diatoms L-1). This dataset was created with the support of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (grant number 72180432).